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III. Rewrite the following pairs of sentences, using Relative Clauses:

1. Rod Lee has won an Oscar. I know his sister.

→ Rod Lee, whose I know his sister, has won an Oscar

2. The taxi driver was friendly. He took me to the airport.

→ The taxi driver who took me to the airport, was friendly

3. Is that the composition? You wrote it three days ago.

→ Is that the composition which you wrote three days ago?

4. I must thank the people. I got a present from them.

→ I must thank the people whom present I got from them

5. The man called the police. His wallet was stolen.

→ The man whose wallet was stolen, called the police

6. I have to call the man. I accidentally picked up his umbrella after the meeting.

→ I have to call the man whose umbrealla I accidentally picked up after the meeting

7. The city is beautiful. We spent our holiday in that city.

→ The city where we spent our holiday in, is beautiful

8. June is the month. It usually rains every afternoon in that month.

→ June is the month when it usually rains every afternoon 

9. I recently went back to Paris. It is still as beautiful as a pearl.

→ I recently went back to Paris, which is still as beautiful as a pearl

10. I recently went back to Paris. I was born in Paris nearly 50 years ago.

→ I recently went back to Paris, where I was born nearly 50 years ago

11. You didn't tell us the reason. We have to cut down our daily expenses for that reason.

→ You didn't tell us the reason for which we have to cut down our daily expenses

12. Mr. Smith said he was too busy to speak to me. I had come to see him.

→ Mr Smith, who I had come to see him, said he was too busy to speak to me

13. Algebra problems contain letters. They stand for unknown numbers.

→ Algebra problems contain letters which stand for unknown numbers

14. Do you know the building? The windows of the building are painted green.

→ Do you know the building which the windows are painted green?

15. 7.05 is the time. My plane arrives then.

→ 7.05 is the time when my plane arrives

IX. Combine the pair or group of sentences using relative clauses and/or non-finite clauses

1.The first man was John Alcock He flew non-stop across the Atlantic.

->The first man who flew non-stop across the Atlantic was John Alcock

2. He was accompanied by a porter. He weighed at least 150 kilos.

->He who weighed at least 150 kilos was accompanied by a porter

I. Rewrite the following sentences using the word given so that it has the same meaning as the original one.

1. The cinema was practically empty.

There was hardly anyone at the cinema.

2. The house has got everything except a large garden.

The only thing that The house hasn't got is a large garden.

3. Although he works hard, he cannot earn enough.

Hard as he works, he cannot earn enough.

4. Alan was not a confident person, and that was why he was so shy.

Alan's shyness was due to his lack of confidence

5. Jack is proud of the fact that he is never late.

Jack prides himself on never being late

6. It’s very kind of you to give me a lift.

I appreciate your giving me a lift

7. Although he wasn’t experienced, he got the job.

Despite the fact that he wasn't experienced, he got the job

8. My mother lives a long way from the supermarket.

There isn’t any supermarket near my mother's house

9. It is cheaper to send things by sea than by airmail.

It costs less money to send things by sea than Airmail

10. He delayed writing the book until he had done a lot of research.

Only when he had done a lot of research did he begin to write the book

VII. Rewrite the following sentences, using present participle phrases.

1. Do you know the woman who is coming towards us?

=> Do you know the woman coming towards us?

2. The people who was waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.

=> The people waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet

3. The rules that allow public access to wilderness areas need to be reconsidered.

=> The rules allowing public access to wildderness areas nees to be reconsidered

4. The children who attend that school receive a good education.

=> The children attending that school receive a good education.

5. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress.

=> The scientists researching the causes of cancer are making progress.

VIII. Rewrite the following sentences, using past participle phrases.

1. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page.

=> Be sure to follow the instructions given at the top of the page.

2. The conclusion which is presented in that book states that most of the cars which are produced by Chinese industry have some defect.

=> The conclusion presented in that book states that most of the cars which are produced by Chinese industry have some defect.

3. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.

=> I come from a city located in the southern part of the country.

4. The photographs which were published in the newspapers were extraordinary.

=> The photographs published in the newspapers were extraordinary.

5. The experiment which was conducted at the University of Chicago was successful.

=> The experiment conducted at the University of Chicago was successful.

IX. Rewrite the following sentences, using infinitive phrases.

1. We had a river in which we could swim.

=> We had a river we could swim

2. The child would be happier if he had someone that he could play with

=> the child would be happier if he had someone play with

3. I'd be more interested if I had a family that I had to cook for.

=> I'd be more interested if I had a family cook for.

4. I haven't got anything that I could open a bottle of wine with.

=> I haven't got anything to open a bottle of wine with

5. He was the first man who left the burning building.

=> He was the first man to leave the burning buidling

1. This book was written by Shakespeare. He is one of the greatest playwrights of all time.

=> This book was written by Shakespeare who is one of the greatest playwrights of all time.
2. Have you met the man? He came here this morning.

=> Have you met the man whom came here this morning.
3. I'd like to visit the Citadel in Hue city. It was built under the Nguyen Dynasty.

=> I'd like to visit the Citadel in Hue city which was built under the Nguyen Dynasty.
4. The car belongs to Mr. Hai. It was broken in the accident yesterday.

=> The car which was broken in the accident yesterday belongs to Mr. Hai.

Replace the underlined clauses by an infinitive or infinitive phrase:

1. I don't like him playing in the street. I wish we had a garden that he could play in=> for him to play in

2. He simply loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who leaves=> to come / to leave

3. The last person who leavves the room must turn off the lights

=>to leave the room must turn off the lights

4. The first man who qas interviewed was entirely unsuitable

=> to be interviewed was entirely unsuitable

5. I've got a bottle of wine but I haven't got anything that I could open it with=> to open with

X. Rewrite the following sentences using the provided word and keep meaning as that of the root one.

36. It’s thought that the accident was caused by human error.

 The accident is thought to be caused by human error

37. I wasn’t there yesterday, so I didn’t know who he was.

 If I had been there yesterday, I would have known who he was

38. If you do not try hard, you can’t pass the examination.

 Unless you try hard, you can't pass the examination

39. They spent more money, they had to work harder.

 The more money they spent, the harder they had to work

      40. The teacher has invited all the students in the class.

 All the students in the class have been invited by the teacher

XI. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word in brackets.

41. I last saw her three years ago. (haven’t)

I haven't seen her for 3 years

42. “Will you be free tomorrow?”, she said. (If)

She asked me if I would be free the day after

43. He never suspected that the money had been stolen.

 At no time did he suspect that the money bad been stolen                        

44. She sings so well that she has been asked to make a record. (such)

She is such a good singer that she has been asked to make a record

45. I’d prefer to stay at home rather than go to the circus. (’d rather)

I'd rather stay at home than go to the circus

XII. Write complete sentences using the suggested words .

      46 . It / be / necessary / learn / English / nowadays.

 It is necessary to learn English nowadays

      47. My sister / fail / exam / because / laziness.

My sister failed the exam because of her laziness

      48. My brother / wish / he / speak English / fluent / as / native speakers.

My brother wishes he could speak English as fluently as native speakers

      49. Watch / television / may discourage / people / take exercise / play sports.

Watching television may descourage people to take exercise and play sport

       50. Mr. Bill/ used/ go/ swimming/ when/ he/ young.

Mr.Bill used to go swimming when he was young